[course]08 游戏模块02-2
点击游戏，和游戏帮助
游戏的多个模块，可以使用ModelApp来启动，然后里面的每个模块会继承Model。
一般多个模块的部分，一般会在入口的地方注册每一个model
针对Model模式，我们使用
mode.app.setActiveMode来激活相应的model，只有被激活的模块才能被显示，以及调用其中相应的方法。这样我们就可以在游戏中增加不同的模块了。碰撞检测，如何检测到鼠标点击的地方和其中圆圈的地方重合。当mousePressed事件触发时，判断二者的相关关系
from game_graphics import *
from tkinter import *
import random
class SplashScreenMode(Mode):
def redrawAll(mode, canvas):
font = 'Arial 26 bold'
canvas.create_text(mode.width/2, 150, text='This demos a ModalApp!', font=font)
canvas.create_text(mode.width/2, 200, text='This is a modal splash screen!', font=font)
canvas.create_text(mode.width/2, 250, text='Press any key for the game!', font=font)
def keyPressed(mode, event):
mode.app.setActiveMode(mode.app.gameMode)
class GameMode(Mode):
def appStarted(mode):
mode.score = 0
mode.randomizeDot()
def randomizeDot(mode):
mode.x = random.randint(20, mode.width-20)
mode.y = random.randint(20, mode.height-20)
mode.r = random.randint(10, 20)
mode.color = random.choice(['red', 'orange', 'yellow', 'green', 'blue'])
mode.dx = random.choice([+1,-1])*random.randint(3,6)
mode.dy = random.choice([+1,-1])*random.randint(3,6)
def moveDot(mode):
mode.x += mode.dx
if (mode.x < 0) or (mode.x > mode.width): mode.dx = -mode.dx
mode.y += mode.dy
if (mode.y < 0) or (mode.y > mode.height): mode.dy = -mode.dy
def timerFired(mode):
mode.moveDot()
def mousePressed(mode, event):
d = ((mode.x - event.x)**2 + (mode.y - event.y)**2)**0.5
if (d <= mode.r):
mode.score += 1
mode.randomizeDot()
elif (mode.score > 0):
mode.score -= 1
def keyPressed(mode, event):
if (event.key == 'h'):
mode.app.setActiveMode(mode.app.helpMode)
def redrawAll(mode, canvas):
font = 'Arial 26 bold'
canvas.create_text(mode.width/2, 20, text=f'Score: {mode.score}', font=font)
canvas.create_text(mode.width/2, 50, text='Click on the dot!', font=font)
canvas.create_text(mode.width/2, 80, text='Press h for help screen!', font=font)
canvas.create_oval(mode.x-mode.r, mode.y-mode.r, mode.x+mode.r, mode.y+mode.r,
fill=mode.color)
class HelpMode(Mode):
def redrawAll(mode, canvas):
font = 'Arial 26 bold'
canvas.create_text(mode.width/2, 150, text='This is the help screen!', font=font)
canvas.create_text(mode.width/2, 250, text='(Insert helpful message here)', font=font)
canvas.create_text(mode.width/2, 350, text='Press any key to return to the game!', font=font)
def keyPressed(mode, event):
mode.app.setActiveMode(mode.app.gameMode)
class MyModalApp(ModalApp):
def appStarted(app):
app.splashScreenMode = SplashScreenMode()
app.gameMode = GameMode()
app.helpMode = HelpMode()
app.setActiveMode(app.splashScreenMode)
app.timerDelay = 50
app = MyModalApp(width=500, height=500)画布的延展
感知上的背景变化
如何批量的创建随机点
中心点不变我们通过参照物的整体的位置变化，让玩家感知上觉得是中心点在变化
# SideScroller1:
from game_graphics import *
from tkinter import *
import random
class SideScroller1(App):
def appStarted(self):
self.scrollX = 0
self.dots = [(random.randrange(self.width),
random.randrange(60, self.height)) for _ in range(50)]
def keyPressed(self, event):
if (event.key == "Left"): self.scrollX -= 5
elif (event.key == "Right"): self.scrollX += 5
def redrawAll(self, canvas):
# draw the player fixed to the center of the scrolled canvas
cx, cy, r = self.width/2, self.height/2, 10
canvas.create_oval(cx-r, cy-r, cx+r, cy+r, fill='cyan')
# draw the dots, shifted by the scrollX offset
for (cx, cy) in self.dots:
cx -= self.scrollX # <-- This is where we scroll each dot!!!
canvas.create_oval(cx-r, cy-r, cx+r, cy+r, fill='lightGreen')
# draw the x and y axes
x = self.width/2 - self.scrollX # <-- This is where we scroll the axis!
y = self.height/2
canvas.create_line(x, 0, x, self.height)
canvas.create_line(0, y, self.width, y)
# draw the instructions and the current scrollX
x = self.width/2
canvas.create_text(x, 20, text='Use arrows to move left or right')
canvas.create_text(x, 40, text=f'app.scrollX = {self.scrollX}')
SideScroller1(width=300, height=300)感知上的物体变化
中央player移动，到边界时移动背景内容，感受背景变化
# SideScroller2:
# Now with a scroll margin, so player does not stay fixed
# at the center of the scrolled canvas, and we only scroll
# if the player's center (in this case) gets closer than the
# margin to the left or right edge of the canvas.
from game_graphics import *
from tkinter import *
import random
class SideScroller2(App):
def appStarted(self):
self.scrollX = 0
self.scrollMargin = 50
self.playerX = self.width//2 # player's center
self.dots = [(random.randrange(self.width),
random.randrange(60, self.height)) for _ in range(50)]
def makePlayerVisible(self):
# scroll to make player visible as needed
if (self.playerX < self.scrollX + self.scrollMargin):
self.scrollX = self.playerX - self.scrollMargin
if (self.playerX > self.scrollX + self.width - self.scrollMargin):
self.scrollX = self.playerX - self.width + self.scrollMargin
def movePlayer(self, dx, dy):
self.playerX += dx
self.makePlayerVisible()
def keyPressed(self, event):
if (event.key == "Left"): self.movePlayer(-5, 0)
elif (event.key == "Right"): self.movePlayer(+5, 0)
def redrawAll(self, canvas):
# draw the player, shifted by the scrollX offset
cx, cy, r = self.playerX, self.height/2, 10
cx -= self.scrollX # <-- This is where we scroll the player!!!
canvas.create_oval(cx-r, cy-r, cx+r, cy+r, fill='cyan')
# draw the dots, shifted by the scrollX offset
for (cx, cy) in self.dots:
cx -= self.scrollX # <-- This is where we scroll each dot!!!
canvas.create_oval(cx-r, cy-r, cx+r, cy+r, fill='lightGreen')
# draw the x and y axes
x = self.width/2 - self.scrollX # <-- This is where we scroll the axis!
y = self.height/2
canvas.create_line(x, 0, x, self.height)
canvas.create_line(0, y, self.width, y)
# draw the instructions and the current scrollX
x = self.width/2
canvas.create_text(x, 20, text='Use arrows to move left or right')
canvas.create_text(x, 40, text=f'app.scrollX = {self.scrollX}')
SideScroller2(width=300, height=300)触碰游戏
getWallHit 碰撞检测
积分
# SideScroller3:
# Now with walls that track when you run into them (but
# ignore while you are still crossing them).
from game_graphics import *
from tkinter import *
class SideScroller3(App):
def appStarted(self):
self.scrollX = 0
self.scrollMargin = 50
self.playerX = self.scrollMargin
self.playerY = 0
self.playerWidth = 10
self.playerHeight = 20
self.walls = 5
self.wallPoints = [0]*self.walls
self.wallWidth = 20
self.wallHeight = 40
self.wallSpacing = 90 # wall left edges are at 90, 180, 270,...
self.currentWallHit = -1 # start out not hitting a wall
def getPlayerBounds(self):
# returns absolute bounds, not taking scrollX into account
(x0, y1) = (self.playerX, self.height/2 - self.playerY)
(x1, y0) = (x0 + self.playerWidth, y1 - self.playerHeight)
return (x0, y0, x1, y1)
def getWallBounds(self, wall):
# returns absolute bounds, not taking scrollX into account
(x0, y1) = ((1+wall) * self.wallSpacing, self.height/2)
(x1, y0) = (x0 + self.wallWidth, y1 - self.wallHeight)
return (x0, y0, x1, y1)
def getWallHit(self):
# return wall that player is currently hitting
# note: this should be optimized to only check the walls that are visible
# or even just directly compute the wall without a loop
playerBounds = self.getPlayerBounds()
for wall in range(self.walls):
wallBounds = self.getWallBounds(wall)
if (self.boundsIntersect(playerBounds, wallBounds) == True):
return wall
return -1
def boundsIntersect(self, boundsA, boundsB):
# return l2<=r1 and t2<=b1 and l1<=r2 and t1<=b2
(ax0, ay0, ax1, ay1) = boundsA
(bx0, by0, bx1, by1) = boundsB
return ((ax1 >= bx0) and (bx1 >= ax0) and
(ay1 >= by0) and (by1 >= ay0))
def checkForNewWallHit(self):
# check if we are hitting a new wall for the first time
wall = self.getWallHit()
if (wall != self.currentWallHit):
self.currentWallHit = wall
if (wall >= 0):
self.wallPoints[wall] += 1
def makePlayerVisible(self):
# scroll to make player visible as needed
if (self.playerX < self.scrollX + self.scrollMargin):
self.scrollX = self.playerX - self.scrollMargin
if (self.playerX > self.scrollX + self.width - self.scrollMargin):
self.scrollX = self.playerX - self.width + self.scrollMargin
def movePlayer(self, dx, dy):
self.playerX += dx
self.playerY += dy
self.makePlayerVisible()
self.checkForNewWallHit()
def sizeChanged(self):
self.makePlayerVisible()
def mousePressed(self, event):
self.playerX = event.x + self.scrollX
self.checkForNewWallHit()
def keyPressed(self, event):
if (event.key == "Left"): self.movePlayer(-5, 0)
elif (event.key == "Right"): self.movePlayer(+5, 0)
elif (event.key == "Up"): self.movePlayer(0, +5)
elif (event.key == "Down"): self.movePlayer(0, -5)
def redrawAll(self, canvas):
# draw the base line
lineY = self.height/2
lineHeight = 5
canvas.create_rectangle(0, lineY, self.width, lineY+lineHeight,fill="black")
# draw the walls
# (Note: should optimize to only consider walls that can be visible now!)
sx = self.scrollX
for wall in range(self.walls):
(x0, y0, x1, y1) = self.getWallBounds(wall)
fill = "orange" if (wall == self.currentWallHit) else "pink"
canvas.create_rectangle(x0-sx, y0, x1-sx, y1, fill=fill)
(cx, cy) = ((x0+x1)/2 - sx, (y0 + y1)/2)
canvas.create_text(cx, cy, text=str(self.wallPoints[wall]))
cy = lineY + 5
canvas.create_text(cx, cy, text=str(wall), anchor=N)
# draw the player
(x0, y0, x1, y1) = self.getPlayerBounds()
canvas.create_oval(x0 - sx, y0, x1 - sx, y1, fill="cyan")
# draw the instructions
msg = "Use arrows to move, hit walls to score"
canvas.create_text(self.width/2, 20, text=msg)
SideScroller3(width=300, height=300)Last updated
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